What is the White House executive order on AI?

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The White House issued an executive order on Artificial Intelligence on October 30, 2023. In addition to introducing measures aimed at fostering US competitiveness and avoiding current harms from AI, this piece of legislation was notable for also mentioning existential risks, which would have been almost unthinkable just a year earlier.

The executive order does:

Acknowledge existential risks.
Call for increased research into AI safety.
Direct relevant US government agencies to develop standards for evaluating frontier models, as well as to produce yearly reports on the existential risks posed by AI.
Require developers of frontier models to share their safety results and test procedures.
Require companies to report training runs over 1026 FLOP.
Emphasize the need for international collaboration.

The executive order does not:

Impose restrictions on the types of training runs that can be done.
Mandate particular safety procedures.
Propose a standard of safety, nor demand that a model meet any safety standard.
State that any governing bodies, or regulatory agencies, for AI safety should be created.

Zvi Mowshowitz summarizes it as "a request for government reports on what might be done in the future, plus some very mild reporting requirements imposed exclusively on a few giant corporations". Smaller groups may also start to be affected in the future when compute becomes cheaper and training runs over 1026 FLOP become feasible for them. However, the government reserves the right to change the threshold, so it may be hard to predict who will be affected in the future.